Location | Bikaner
Junagarh Fort: A Fortress of Majestic Grandeur
Rising from the dusty plains of the Thar Desert, the Junagarh Fort is a monumental architectural jewel and the heart of Bikaner’s regal history. Unlike most major forts in Rajasthan that crown hilltops, Junagarh stands proudly on level ground, its red sandstone walls a testament to the might and artistic vision of Bikaner’s rulers.
A visit to this “Old Fort” (the meaning of Junagarh) is an immersive journey into the opulent lives, military prowess, and composite culture of the Rathore dynasty.
Historical Significance
The fort was original called Chintamani Durg. It was built between 1589 to 1594 AD, by Raja Rai Singh, the sixth ruler of Bikaner. Remarkably, the fort’s defenses were so formidable that it was only briefly captured once in its long history, and then held for only a single day. A stunning blend of Rajput, Mughal, and Gujarati architectural styles, reflecting Bikaner’s strong alliances and cultural exchanges.
Gates, Palaces & Museum
- Suraj Pol (Sun Gate): The main entrance, a magnificent structure built of golden yellow sandstone. It is flanked by two red sandstone elephant statues.
- Daulat Pol: A gate where you can still see the historical handprints (Sati marks) of the royal women who committed sati on the funeral pyres of their husbands.
- Anup Mahal: The former private audience hall and administrative headquarters. Famous for its breathtaking gold-plated and red lacquer work, vibrant frescoes, and ornate wooden ceilings.
- Karan Mahal: Built to celebrate a victory over the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. It features magnificent carvings, jharokhas (overhanging balconies), and stained-glass windows, showcasing classic Rajput artistry.
- Phool Mahal (Flower Palace): The oldest section of the palace complex, known for its stucco work featuring flower motifs and delicate glass inlay decoration.
- Badal Mahal (Cloud Palace): Known for its beautiful murals depicting rain clouds and scenes of Lord Krishna and Radha in the monsoon, a rare and delightful sight in the desert.
- Chandra Mahal (Moon Palace): Features some of the most luxurious rooms, including a royal bedroom with strategically placed mirrors.
- Ganga Mahal: A more recent addition from the 20th century by Maharaja Ganga Singh, which now houses part of the museum collection.
- Arms and Armour: A rare collection of jade-handled daggers, camel guns, and a heavy sword.
- Royal Relics: Antique palanquins, gold and silver howdahs (elephant seats), and a ceremonial golden swing.
- Manuscripts and Paintings: Rare Sanskrit and Persian manuscripts, along with exquisite miniature paintings.
- Historical Display: A fascinating exhibit featuring a World War I-era De Havilland DH-9 biplane bomber, gifted to Maharaja Ganga Singh by the British.
Visitor Information
| Location | Bikaner, Rajasthan, India |
| Timings | 1000 hrs to 1630 hrs |
| Approximate Duration | 2 hours |
| Best Time To Visit | October to March |
Useful Tips
- Guided Tour: Consider hiring a local guide or taking an audio guide for in-depth insights into the fort’s history and architectural details.
- Comfortable Footwear: You will be doing a considerable amount of walking through the various courtyards and palaces.
- Photography: The intricate architecture and dazzling interiors offer incredible photo opportunities.
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